Source Analysis paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Source Analysis paper - Essay Example However, issues on how to implement the rights derived from the laws of nature came out and were scrutinized by those who voiced their concerns with regards to the clauses in the declaration about freedom and equality such as the upper class elite whites, the working-class white males with properties and those without, females, the slaves, and the native Indians who were pushed on the brink of disappearing. The differences in the ideals and beliefs concerning equality among various members of the public generated questionable governance which further erupted during the civil war, of which such problems as contradicting ideas in running the society, economy, and politics stemmed up from the unyielding of some patriarch-minded people to allow each and everyone in the society the same amount of liberty and justice that white males have enjoyed. Before discussing the contradictions that lead to issues on governance as stipulated in the Declaration of Independence, the Laws of Nature comp ared to man-made laws such as those imposed by the British Empire will be elaborated first. Puritan John Locke wrote his ideas on how the Natural Laws were able to shape how mankind thinks through reason, and gives explanation as to why there is a strong need for America to become independent from Britain altogether. One of his strongest arguments is that due to the natural order of things, wherein all people were born equal regardless of status or color, it can be expected that discord will arise from the public once this natural right has been revoked (Fiege 72). The loosening of the British Empire’s hold over the colonies came up as the result of the violation of the natural law, especially since it treats not just the colonists but its entire population as people of lower status, further causing problems in controlling and ruling both the colonies beyond the Atlantic Ocean and the rest of the British population in general (75). The same can be said with regards to the rig ht of property and life, wherein the British Empire’s strong hold on tax collections from the colonies and of stripping private property to become the public’s were overturned due to the natural law which states that anything a person works for and builds into becomes a part of himself, and becomes his own property (72; 77). By virtue of the natural law the colonists do not have any obligation to pay taxes to the British Empire since these are all the product of their toiling in their own lands, in a place far away from the mother country. Lastly, the natural right to live independently and in sovereign was invoked, which was mainly due to the growing differences between how the colonists and the British Empire think and manage society. Due to the violation of the rights of liberty and property through threats from the British army and the tyrannical rule of the monarchs, the colonists defended their stance in separating from the mother country altogether by declaring themselves to have a different way of thinking and living, and must therefore be provide for their own safety and security in the process of changing towards a much more independent society and less of a monarchic one (73). Using the natural laws in explaining basic human needs such as the right for equality, for life, and for

How Has Twitter Changed Communication Research Paper

How Has Twitter Changed Communication - Research Paper Example Analysis of timing, content intensity of occurrence, and the range of use in semiotics in the students’ tweets for curriculum change, is carried out using the approach of case study. The findings of the research were that about 40% of the tweets were positive about study groups conducted. Of the study groups, micro blogs about 42% had semiotic expressions about study group sentiments. In these, more than 60% were encouraging and the rest were posting critics about the study groups. Analyzing the micro blogs use of semiotics for composition and organization, the language composition of tweets approximated the language patterns of natural linguistic expressions. Findings show that, semiotics’ use in micro blogging is a tool used online for students’ word of mouth expressions. A discussion that schools should use the micro blogs as part of their education curriculum corresponded to this fact. The definition of social network is: â€Å"Websites which enable persons to create a free or communal profile bounded by specific rules of a system, be able to see a list of other bloggers who they share something in common and be able navigate through their list of links and those created by others bloggers within the structure†. The temperament and structure of semiotics usually varies from one website to another. (Boyd D, 3). For a website to be developed, collaboration and the community are extremely vital characteristics and are the prime features of virtual reality and social network. These combined with the ever- present online internet access, people who were at some point had parallel lifestyles and cultures are constantly connected. An enquiry concerning the overall effect of these social networks platforms has to be done. This paper uses semiotics to investigate the bond between students and the administration in improving the level of study groups in an institution. Given that twitter has very distinct features and characteristics, it h as potential to have an impact on relations, which is a key factor to improvement in students study groups and their grades in a subject. There is no doubt that Social networks are unique because they let people convene strangers and helps users to control and increase the chances of their social networks noticeable through opening of profiles. The result is that, individuals who would not otherwise be friends are connected. More often than not, this is not the main reason but these connections are usually between â€Å"latent ties† of persons who have a connection outside the Web (Haythornthwaite). On a larger scale, people who are in the social networking systems are neither â€Å"networking† nor interested in looking for new friends, but rather are making contact with people who an inclusion of their elongated social network. The expressed social networks are stressed upon as being a significant organizing characteristic by being labeled â€Å"social network sitesà ¢â‚¬ . While the social network structures have a vast variety of technical features implementations, their strength of character consists of profiles that can be seen and display an expressed list of friends who also use the system. Profiles are usually distinct pages that a person can â€Å"proclaim into being† (Sunden, 17). Main body In the near past, people usually work from eight in the morning to five in the evening every day. Nights and weekends were usually left for family

Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Final Exam - Essay Example Based on these theories, situational control and applying environmental factors to motivate the human resource while taking into account leader behaviors, employee characteristics and leadership effectiveness are integral components of leadership success. I therefore found that employing both the ideas of Fiedler and House depending on the situation would work. After all, the bottom line of these two theories of leadership is about understanding the prevailing situation and the probable actions necessary for the leaders to take. Personally, I always would make it a very important point to be extra sensitive to the actual situations in the future prior to motivating the human resource. After all, leadership is about influence (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010), so as a leader I need to understand the prevailing situations in order to create influential moves. So part of this move is to always make sure leaders should take into account their actual behaviors, understand the varying characteristics of their employees, and evaluate the effectiveness of their employed leadership. 2. Can managers be trained to be effective leaders? a.) Choose a leadership theory to support your answer. b.) Assuming you believe they can be trained, what would you include in your training program? (I have added a PowerPoint on Leadership that you might find helpful. Look in Course Documents.). Personally, I believe managers can be trained to be effective leaders as they always have a better chance to learn from the actual situations. What I am trying to point out is the idea based on situational leadership that goes beyond traits and styles (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). In situational leadership, leaders will always have a chance to evaluate prevailing situations making them more effective in their actual decision making, prior to building a strong

Do you think the US is currently doing all that it should to reduce Essay

Do you think the US is currently doing all that it should to reduce global warming - Essay Example Voluntary measures, as it is obvious to think, won't be as effective as mandatory measures since many companies involved are worried about the short-term benifits that they are getting in the present system of traditional energy production and consumption. For example, the use of alternatives sources of energy like solar energy should be enforced as a mandatory measure to be implemented as soon as possible. According to Monga Bay (2006), the United States is acting unethically on global warming. A recent report from June 16, 2009, given by the US Global Change Research Program provides the next key findings about global warming: "The latest climate science tells us that the United States and the world must break its dependence on fossil fuels and transition rapidly to 100 percent clean, renewable energy if we hope to avoid the most catastrophic effects of global warming" (Environment California, 2008). These are the strong mandatory measures that the United States have to enforce in order to solve the global warming issue.

Hormones in the Environment Can Cause Male Infertility Research Paper

Hormones in the Environment Can Cause Male Infertility - Research Paper Example Other substances are generated as a byproduct during manufacturing or are breakdown of chemicals. These compounds can have morphological and physiological effects in the body. In general, health effects associated with EDCs include a range of reproductive problems (reduced fertility, male and female reproductive tract abnormalities, and skewed male/female sex ratios, loss of fetus, menstrual problems); changes in hormone levels; early puberty; brain and behavior problems; impaired immune functions; and various cancers. EDCs not only affect adults but are particularly potent when exposure occurs during fetal and early postnatal development. An environmental endocrine or hormone disruptor is an exogenous agent that interferes with the synthesis, secretion, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproduction, development, and/or behavior. They enter your body through ingestion, inhalation, and d ermal contact. These compounds mimic, enhance (an agonist), or inhibit (an antagonist) the action of hormones. The number of known endocrine disruptors is large and continuously increasing, and includes both naturally occurring and synthetic substances. Some, called phytochemicals, reside in fungus and plants, including mold, clover, whole grains, soybeans and other legumes, and many fruits and vegetables. Human activities release other naturally occurring EDCs: the heavy metals lead, mercury, and cadmium. Chemically, environmental hormones such as polychlorinated dibenzop- dioxins (PCDDs), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are composed of an aromatic system substituted with chlorine at various positions. They are potently toxic in biological systems, and teratogenic to animals. Moreover, it has been reported that the chemicals 2,2-bis(p-ydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A, BPA) and diethyl stilbestrol (DES) mimic natural hormon es, and may disrupt the endocrine systems in animals and humans (Kobayashi et al. 680). Common EDCs having estrogenic activity can come from house hold material like solvents and adhesives such as those found in nail polish, paint remover, and glues; emulsifiers & waxes found in soaps and cosmetics, dry cleaning chemicals, nearly all plastics, (also phthalates, synthetic compounds that add flexibility to plastics, such as the plastic tubes and bags used in storing and delivering IV fluids to patients, and the rubbery toys children play with), meat from livestock fed estrogenic drugs to fatten them up, surfactants such as nonoxonyl (spermicides) found in many condoms and diaphragm gels, and petrochemically based scented products & perfumes. Synthetic chemicals such as pesticides, herbicides, polychiorinated biphenyls (PCBs), plasticizers, and surfactant breakdown products are known to have estrogenic activity. Currently, four major classes of environmental hormones that interact dire ctly with steroid hormone receptors are known: environmental estrogens, environmental antiestrogens, environmental antiprogestins, and environmental antiandrogens. Physiologically dioxin acts as antiestrogenic; carbamate insecticides as antiprogestigenic; and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, linuron, vinclozolin, and p,p’-DDE as antiandrogenic (Cheek and McLachlan 9). The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is a critical part in the development and regulation of

Response paper to Ian Hodder’s “Ethics and Archaeology” Essay Example for Free

Response paper to Ian Hodder’s â€Å"Ethics and Archaeology† Essay Ian Hodder’s article, â€Å"Ethics and Archaeology: The Attempt at Eatalhoyuk,† basically discusses in detail the different roles that archaeologists assume during an excavation and also their ethical obligation and duty to the different communities on the site. Hodder claimed that the roles of archaeologists are not only limited to studying human culture through unearthing, recovering, documenting, analyzing, and interpreting remains, historical objects, artifacts, and landscapes. In addition, he also claimed that they do not also work solely to serve the interest of their benefactors and sponsors. Rather, Hodder stated that archaeologists have bigger roles and wider responsibilities to the different sectors of the excavation site. In short, aside from the interest of their sponsors and other organizations that fund the digs, Hodder believes that it is also the duty of archaeologists to reach to the multiple communities, interest groups, or stakeholders of any excavation site. In his paper, Hodder mainly focused his arguments on the Eatalhoyuk excavation site where is the director of the archaeological dig. According to him, the stakeholders of most sites can be narrowed to four: the politicians, the local residents, the New Age Goddess followers, and the artists. Hodder noted each of these communities has its own agenda or interest and it is part of the archaeologist’s duty to somehow satisfy them. One of the stakeholders that are common to almost all archaeological sites is the politicians or those in the seat of power. Generally, based on Hodder’s paper, all politicians support archaeological digs have their own agenda or interests. These may involve governors, mayors, or government representatives from the surrounding area of the site. Hodder claimed that although a lot of these politicians hail the archaeological site for its richness in history, culture, and identity, among others, their interests mainly lie on a single thing— widespread publicity. While the politicians’ desire to be seen on television or read on the newspapers is normal, Hodder stressed that it is the archaeologist’s role to limit the ways in which they use the site for their personal motives. He also stated that archaeologists should also verify every piece of information that a politician gives to the public about the site. For example, there are certain politicians who claim to be descendants of the site’s residents and speak about his or her origins. In this case, it is the archaeologists’ responsibility to verify these claims and ensure that they are true. Another community that has its own interests is the local residents. According to Hodder, in general, these residents, who have low incomes and limited education, mainly have practical concerns such as earning money for helping in the excavation. However, they are also concerned about the history of the sites and how they contributed to their identity. In this regard, Hodder stated in his paper that is archaeologists job to educate them about their cultural history and identity using solid evidence found on the digs. In turn, these local residents may relate their personal experiences from living in the site’s environment to tourists and researchers as these are helpful information. The New Age Goddess groups, on the other hand, mainly go to excavation sites, such as in Eatalhoyuk, to pray and to practice their beliefs which are in honor of their Goddess, which was a highly significant figure in the past. Their main concerns, according to Hodder, would mostly be regarding the history of the Goddess and the role of women in the Eatalhoyuk’s past. Thus, the archaeologists should try to address these concerns and provide evidence that would show how women lived in the communities of Eatalhoyuk thousands of years ago. By doing so, Hodder surmised that this would not only serve the Goddess’ groups interests but also avoid any misinformation regarding the site’s history. Finally, another sector that has shown significsnt interest in Eatalhoyuk is the artists group. Hodder noted that over the past years, more and more artists have arrived at Eatalhoyuk mainly to create works about the site. However, he claimed that there are also certain artists who help in the interpretation, reconstruction, and visualization of the art objects found in the site. Hodder stated that the main concern of this group is whether the objects unearthed during digs and excavations could be considered art or not. Meaning to say, most of these artists are particularly interested in identifying and describing the works of art recovered from sites. In this regard, the archaeologists involved, according to Hodder, should ensure that these works of art or aesthetic objects are verified to be genuine using past studies and other evidence found on the site. Certain artists also inquire about the role that art played in the history of Eatalhoyuk and it is the archaeologist’s duty to satisfy those questions to the best of his or her abilities. In short, what Hodder was trying to point out in his paper was that archeologists should always consider the agenda and interests of all the groups and sectors concerned during an excavation as it reaps greater rewards and is also more ethical than serving only personal interests. Personally, I agree with Hodder’s claims in his paper. His use of historical evidence and real life situations make his arguments very convincing. I also think it is unethical for archaeologists to go on digs mainly to become famous or serve their own interests only. Rather than setting one agenda, I believe it is important to work with different communities as exemplified by Hodder’s work in Eatalhoyuk as there are greater things at stake. Since archaeologist’s experiences firsthand what it’s like to be in an excavation site or dig, he or she should use his or her knowledge and skill to verify all the information and answer all the questions surrounding an archaeological site. This is not only professional obligation but also an ethical duty. Works Cited Hodder, Ian. â€Å"Ethics and Archaeology: The Attempt at Eatalhoyuk. † Near Easter Archaeology 65 No. 3 (2002): 174-181.

Mango Essential Oil in the Food Industry

Mango Essential Oil in the Food Industry Background of study Mango is one of the tropical fruits that grow seasonally. It has unique fragrance and flavor and often labeled as super fruit (Mounica Subbiah, 2014). It is the most sowed fruit with over 2,000 varieties and natively found in India. Great numbers of varieties are differing with respect to crop, pulp, colour of skin, flavor and aroma of the fruit. Therefore, it become one of the most popular tropical fruit in Southeast Asia (Fernando, Perà ©z-Sarià ±ana Bianca, Sergio, Eapen, Sebastian, 2014). Mango also become the national fruit for India and national tree for Bangladesh (bdnews24.com, 2010). Mango is scientifically known as Mangifera with diverse species under family of Anacardiaceae (Softusvista, 2015). It has 69 species with Mangifera as one of the genus. Examples of Mangifera species are Mangifera indica which is the common mango, Mangifera foetida (bacang or machang) and Mangifera odorata (kuini). The highest number of Mangifera species is cultivated in Asia where Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra have the highest number of species of Mangifera (Morton, 1987). There is hundreds of Mangifera cultivar and it is cultivated in warm and subtropical country such as India. The cultivation of Mangifera must be propagated and it often crossed to improve pollination (Allen, 2006). Mangifera cultivar is Mangifera indica species that is planted from variety of sources such as seed or bulb of plant and sometimes been called by other name. There are many Mangifera indica cultivar in Malaysia such as Mangifera indica cultivar Lemak Manis and Mangifera indica cultivar Mas Hitam. Mangifera   species is differentiated by its aroma. It shows that each Mangifera species has different aroma where the aroma of Mangifera may give different major chemical constituent. The Mangifera species is hardly found around the year and it can be season fruit such as Mangifera foetida mostly fruiting around March to April after drought season (Litz, 2009). There are many scientific researches on essential oil of mango and it gives different results depending on the varieties and species of mango. Previous reported that Green Thai Mangifera indica cultivar Khieo Sawoei has distinctive odor which calculated by odor unit value (Uo). it shows that the odor is cause by high percentag e of 2,4-decadienal in its peel and hexanal in its pulp (Tamura, Boonbumrung, Yoshizawa, Varanyanond, 2001). Another report verified the presence of terpenes hydrocarbons in yellow-red colour of 20 cultivars Mangifera indica L. (Pino, Mesa, Munoz, Pilar-Marti, Marbot, 2005). The natural oil used can be essential oil which is essential oil that has fragrance and usually extracted from plants for soothing and healing and cosmetic proposes (Press, 2015). Essential oil is usually used for aromatherapy where it helps physical well-being and psychology of person. Aromatherapy is the practice of using the natural oil that is extracted from plants flower, peel, pulp, bark leaves or roots. It is an alternative method for healing purpose and promotes health properties (Aromatherapy.com, 2010). Aromatherapy can be used by any method such as inhalation, massage or water immersion to stimulate response (Department of Health Human Services, 2015). It is said that some essential oil shows some anti-microbial activity, antiviral, antioxidants and anti-diabetic agents. It also demonstrate some potency against bacterial, fungal and viral infections (Edris, 2007). There are many types of extraction method to extract the essential oil from plants especially. It can be distillation method or expression method. The most common method is distillation method where it consist of many types of distillation which are water distillation, water and steam distillation and steam distillation. The extraction method used in his project is water distillation method or hydro-distillation method (BetterHealth, 1999). Medical fields today have developed many kinds of drugs medicine to cure various types of diseases such as paracetamol to reduce fever and acetylcysteine to loosen thick mucus (Drugs.com, 2015). Alternative medicine has become popular as diseases treatment.Example of alternative medicine is acupuncture, homeopathy and aromatherapy (Sampson, 1995). The gist in this project is to elevate aromatherapy as alternative medicine and for flavoring. 1.2 Problem Statement Mangifera indica species and its cultivars have different aroma and they may have different chemical constituent for each cultivar. However, only small number of different cultivar has been studied with respect to its chemical constituent. Previous reports on extraction of essential oil in Mangifera cultivar such as M.indica cultivar Chokanan, M.indica cultivar Falan and M.indica cultivar Water Lily was reported in Malaysia. Some authors stated that chemical constituents of essential oil from Mangifera may have terpenes hydrocarbon and alpha-caryophyllene but it might have different chemical constituent for ripe fruit with green peel and yellow pulp of Mangifera cultivar found in Malaysia. In past study, the Green Thai Khoei Sawoi has shown ÃŽÂ ³-terpinene and ÃŽÂ ²-ocimene as major chemical constituents for ripe fruit with green peel (Tamura et al., 2001). However the major compound is different when it is a ripe fruit with yellow peel. The peel essential oil from yellow Mangi fera indica cultivar Zebdeya, Hindi and Cobaneya shows different major compound which are à Ã†â€™-3-carene, ÃŽÂ ±-terpinolene and caryophyllene (El-Hawary Rabeh, 2014). Therefore the present study focus on comparison of chemical constituent of volatile oil between different Mangifera indica cultivar and other Mangifera species with green peel found in Malaysia which are M. indica cultivar Chokanan, M. indica cultivar Falan, M. indica cultivar King, M. indica cultivar Lemak Manis, M. indica cultivar Mas Hitam, and Mangifera odorata. 1.3 Significance of Study Mangoes have a lot of aromatic components that can be extracted using hydro-distillation method. Besides contributing to the body of knowledge, the essential oil of mango in this project can contribute to flavor. This study is beneficial in food processed industry where fruit flavor has become important quality that influence consumer acceptance. Different variety of essential oil from Mangifera species can also be commercialized for its aromatherapy purposes. They have different major chemical constituent in it let alone from its peel or pulp.